系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种复杂的自身免疫疾病，由于丧失了对自身核抗体的免疫耐受而导致全身多器官炎症反应。我们虽然已经知道SLE是由于基因和环境因素的共同影响而导致疾病的发生，但SLE的病因仍然不明确。近年的病例研究报道，美国的SLE发病率增长了近3成。虽然这个结果是多因素导致的，但自身免疫疾病发病率的增长被认为与肠道菌群的改变密切相关，而膳食的改变和抗生素的滥用会引起肠道菌群发生变化。此外，越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群在如炎症性肠病、多发性硬化、1型188bet在线平台网址 和类风湿关节炎等一系列的自身免疫疾病的发生中均起到重要作用。在这篇回顾性研究中，我们总结了DNA测序技术在提供健康人群肠道菌群基线信息，以及判定在包括年龄、基因、环境及膳食等多因素影响下对照组个体肠道菌群的变化的重要作用。我们还讨论了肠道菌群在正常免疫系统发育过程中的作用，以及免疫异常的自身免疫疾病动物模型中特定菌门是如何改变的。最后，为了让研究结果更好地应用于临床，我们重点阐述了近期的研究发现SLE患者异常的肠道菌群，这为下一步的调查研究提供了理论基础，同时目标菌群的治疗也许可以应用于治疗或预防相关疾病。

        附原文

        ABSTRACT: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease whereas a loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens leads to inflammation in multiple organs systems. The cause of SLE remains ill defined, although it is known that a complex interplay between genes and environment is necessary for disease development. In recent years, case studies have reported that the incidence of SLE in the USA, for example, has increased by approximately 3 fold. Although the reason for this is likely to be multifactorial, it has been hypothesized that the increasing incidence of autoimmune disease is due to considerable shifts in the bacterial communities resident the gut, collectively known as the gut microbiota, following a change in diet and the widespread introduction of antibiotics. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in the development of a range of autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type one diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we summarize how advances in DNA-based sequencing technologies have been critical in prociding baseline information concerning the gut microbiota in health and how variation amongst individuals in controlled by multiples factors including age, genetics, environment and the diet. We also discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in the development of a healthy immune system and how changes in particular bacterial phyla have been associated with immune abnormalities in animal models of autoimmune disease. Finally, in order to place the data in a clinical context, we highlight recent findings showing that abnormalities in the gut microbiota can be detected in patients with SLE, which provides the rationale for greater investigation into whether microbiota-targeted therapies could be used for the treatment/prevention of disease.

        引自

        Elizabeth C R, Cladia M. A clinical update on the significance of the gut microbiota in systemic autoimmunity. Journal of Autoimmunity, 2016, 74: 85-93. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.009.