有证据显示，肠道菌群在维持体内稳态起着至关重要的作用。美国学者对肠道菌群失调与高血压的关系进行了一项研究，结果表明，血压升高与肠道菌群失调有关，提示纠正肠道菌群的饮食干预可能会成为高血压的新营养疗法。研究论文4月13日在线发表于《高血压》(Hypertension)杂志。

        研究者利用细菌基因组分析了2个高血压小鼠模型和一个小队列患者的粪便样本细菌DNA。结果发现自发性高血压小鼠的微生物丰富程度、多样性和均匀性均显著减少，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌比值增加，这些变化还伴随着产醋酸盐和产丁酸盐细菌的减少。

        另外，研究者还发现，高血压患者存在相似的有害菌群模式，即与对照组相比，菌群丰富程度和多样性均较少。

        相似的肠道菌群变化还见于长期输注血管紧张素II的小鼠模型中，菌群丰富程度减少和厚壁菌门/拟杆菌比值增加最明显。在这个模型中，研究者评估了口服二甲胺四环素在肠道菌群恢复中的有效性。结果这种方法除外能降低升高的血压，还能通过降低厚壁菌门/拟杆菌比值而使受试者的肠道菌群再平衡。

        参考文献：Tao Yang,et al. HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315Published online before print April 13, 2015,doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315

Gut Dysbiosis Is Linked to Hypertension
1. Tao Yang*,
2. Monica M. Santisteban*,
3. Vermali Rodriguez*,
4. Eric Li,
5. Niousha Ahmari,
6. Jessica Marulanda Carvajal,
7. Mojgan Zadeh,
8. Minghao Gong,
9. Yanfei Qi,
10. Jasenka Zubcevic,
11. Bikash Sahay,
12. Carl J. Pepine,
13. Mohan K. Raizada,
14. Mansour Mohamadzadeh
+Author Affiliations
1. From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine (T.Y., M.Z., M.G., B.S., M.M.), Division of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (T.Y., M.Z., M.G., B.S., M.M.), Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics (M.M.S., V.R., J.M.C., M.K.R.), College of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (V.R., Y.Q., C.J.P.), Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine (E.L.), and Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., J.Z.), University of Florida, Gainesville.
1. Correspondence to Mohan K. Raizada or Mansour Mohamadzadeh, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610. E-mail mraizada@ufl.edu orm.zadeh@ufl.edu
1. ↵* These authors contributed equally to this article.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota is critical in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that dysbiosis in gut microbiota is associated with hypertension because genetic, environmental, and dietary factors profoundly influence both gut microbiota and blood pressure.
Bacterial DNA from fecal samples of 2 rat models of hypertension and a small cohort of patients was used for bacterial genomic analysis. We observed a significant decrease in microbial richness, diversity, and evenness in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, in addition to an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These changes were accompanied by decreases in acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria. In addition, the microbiota of a small cohort of human hypertensive patients was found to follow a similar dysbiotic pattern, as it was less rich and diverse than that of control subjects. Similar changes in gut microbiota were observed in the chronic angiotensin II infusion rat model, most notably decreased microbial richness and an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In this model, we evaluated the efficacy of oral minocycline in restoring gut microbiota. In addition to attenuating high blood pressure, minocycline was able to rebalance the dysbiotic hypertension gut microbiota by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
These observations demonstrate that high blood pressure is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, both in animal and human hypertension. They suggest that dietary intervention to correct gut microbiota could be an innovative nutritional therapeutic strategy for hypertension.