CATHETER LENGTH PREFERENCE IN WHEELCHAIR BOUND MALE PATIENTS WHO
PERFORM CLEAN INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION.
Hypothesis / aims of study:
Prior published literature suggests the average male urethra length is 22.3cm with a standard deviation of 2.4cm [1].
The aims of this study were to determine whether there is a patient preference in catheters of differing lengths but otherwise identical
construction. The primary outcome was to assess user preference by catheter length. Secondary outcomes were ease of use,
sensation of emptying, and use with receptacle or bag. Pre-study calculations concluded a sample of 81 subjects would ensure
a maximum margin of error in determining preference overall is no greater than 11%.
Study design, materials and methods
This study was an unblinded multi-center, randomized, controlled, cross over study assessing self catheterizing, wheelchair
bound paraplegic males who were routinely managing their neuropathic voiding dysfunction by intermittent catheterization for at
least two months. Patients were given ten Test catheters (A) which were 30cm length, and ten Control catheters (B) which
were 40cm in length. Seven sites enrolled patients and the randomization was balanced to site. Each site instructed patients to
use all 10 of each catheter type in succession and fill out a questionnaire after each catheter and a preference questionnaire at
end of use of all catheters. All patients were male, at least 18 years of age, catheterized a minimum of three times daily, and
did not have mechanical, anatomic, or infectious abnormalities that might bias the results. Analysis of the primary objective was
presented in tabular format using frequencies and proportions. Secondary objectives included several ease of use and one user
confidence question. Although responses to these questions were provided after each catheterization, this analysis is limited to
only the last catheterization. Subjects selected responses from a five-point Likert scale ranging from "Very Easy" to "Very
Difficult" or from "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree", as appropriate. A comparison of the percentage of positive responses
for each catheter type was calculated using the Pearson chi-square test for association α = 0.05 (two tailed).
Results
91 male patients were enrolled in the study. 82 of the 91 subjects completed the study with thirteen hundred ninety eight
subject assessments and eighty-two overall assessments of preference available for analysis. Mean age was 38 (+/- 12) years.
75 of 82 patients (91.5%) preferred the longer 40cm catheter (B) (95% CI: 85.4% and 97.5%). Reasons for preference are
listed in Table 1. Twenty-three subjects (28%) were unable to drain their bladder adequately with the shorter 30cm catheter (A)
and discontinued use prior to using all 10 test catheters. Secondary objectives were evaluated by questionnaire. Questionnaire
data regarding ease of use is summarized in Table 2 and includes statistical analysis. There were no severe adverse events
reported and 2 adverse events consisting of mild urethral bleeding.
Interpretation of results
The test catheter (A) of 30cm length proved inadequate for this randomized group of male patients to adequately drain their
bladders. The fact that 23 of 82 patients were unable to complete use of all 10 test catheters (A) is demonstrative of this fact.
Secondary endpoints regarding ease of use, insertion, and manipulation also favoured the 40cm catheter when compared to
30cm.
Concluding message
Wheelchair bound male patients prefer to perform clean intermittent catheterization with the standard 40cm catheter length
when compared to a shorter 30cm length. The most common reason for preference of the longer catheter was patient
perception of more complete bladder emptying.
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